

could become a foothold in the sheer wall of the future.”Ĭontrast this with the opening coda that describes the disappearance of sparrows and vultures from urban Indian spaces. To be present in history, as nothing more than a chuckle, was a universe away from being absent from it. Ustad Kulsoom Bi, a hijra (eunuch), gets excited by the brief mention of court eunuchs in a show about late Mughal history at New Delhi’s historic Red Fort: “The moment passed in a heartbeat. Adopting a slightly different tack, I focus on the novel’s concern with presence and absence in history. Many reviews of Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness have discussed its engagement with the larger political history of India’s last two decades and its representation of the Kashmir conflict.
